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Eurostat R&D Performance and GDP Share Data
Data Science and Analytics
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About
Expenditure on research and development (R&D) serves as a critical indicator of economic health and innovation potential. This data collection aggregates financial metrics from across Europe, detailing spending behaviors relative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It breaks down investments by specific performance sectors, offering granular insights into how business enterprises, government bodies, higher education institutions, and private non-profit organisations contribute to the broader R&D landscape. The information enables a thorough examination of funding trends and sector-specific contributions over a twelve-year period.
Columns
- unit: Specifies the unit of measurement for the data points, recorded as the percentage of Gross Domestic Product (PC_GDP).
- sectperf: Categorises the sector of performance where the R&D activity takes place. Values include Business enterprise sector (BES), Government sector (GOV), Higher education sector (HES), Private non-profit sector (PNP), and Total expenditure (TOTAL).
- geo: Indicates the geographical entity, using two-character acronyms to represent specific European countries and country groups.
- year: Denotes the calendar year of the recorded expenditure, spanning from 2008 to 2019.
- value: Provides the numerical value of the R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP. Note that this column contains some missing values.
Distribution
The dataset is structured in a tabular format, available as an unmelted CSV file. It comprises 2,556 rows and 5 columns. While the identifying columns (unit, sectperf, geo, year) are complete with 100% validity, the 'value' column contains approximately 9% missing entries (218 records), with valid values ranging from 0.00 to 4.52.
Usage
- Economic Analysis: Ideal for comparing national investment strategies and economic policy regarding innovation across European borders.
- Educational Projects: Suitable for students and educators looking to improve data visualisation and analysis skills using real-world economic indicators.
- Policy Research: Useful for government analysts tracking progress towards R&D spending targets relative to GDP.
- Sector Benchmarking: Enables businesses and institutions to benchmark their sector's contribution against European averages.
Coverage
- Geographic Scope: Covers Europe, utilising standard acronyms for individual EU nations and aggregated country groups.
- Time Range: The data spans a period of 12 years, from 2008 to 2019.
- Demographic/Sector Scope: Focuses on four primary sectors: Business, Government, Higher Education, and Private Non-profit.
License
CC0: Public Domain
Who Can Use It
- Data Scientists: For practising data cleaning, imputation of missing values, and time-series forecasting.
- Economists: For macroeconomic modelling and trend analysis.
- Academic Researchers: For studies on the relationship between public/private R&D spending and economic growth.
- Journalists: For creating visualisations related to European innovation and fiscal policy.
Dataset Name Suggestions
- European R&D Expenditure by Sector (2008-2019)
- EU Research and Development Spending (% of GDP)
- Eurostat R&D Performance and GDP Share Data
Attributes
Original Data Source: Eurostat R&D Performance and GDP Share Data
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